护理英语：外科拳法前、拳法中与拳法后恢复对话

一、术在此之前马上

Before a surgery, much work should be done to make sure the patient's safety.

继续做动手术之在此之前为了适当疾人份的安全性有许多工作要继续做。1. Vital signs will be taken and recorded. Tell the doctor anything unusual.第一，要检测并记录下来全人类体征。将任何异常情况告知精神科。2. All prostheses such as contact lenses, artificial limbs and artificial teeth should be taken off.第二，所有角化，例如、靴子以及假牙都某种程度去掉。The anesthetist may prefer that artificial teeth be left in place. So the nurse must consult the anesthetist on this.师可能亦会希望让疾变戴着假牙，所以护士只能咨询师的建议。

3. The patient's nail polish and makeup should be removed. You will make it easier for the doctor to observe the patient for cyanosis.

第三，疾变只能施用指甲油并卸妆。这样亦会让精神科更容易辨认疾人不宜该患有苍白疾。The cyanosis often shows the need for oxygen. Hairpins should also be removed because they will cause contamination苍白疾上会断定疾变必须要决胜负氧。还不宜当去掉萨多韦等梳子，以免遭受感染。4. The bladder should be emptied by voiding or by catheter. A full bladder could be damaged during surgery.第四，经过排便或者导尿丢弃鼻腔。鼻腔内充满尿液可能亦会在动手术过程里受到破坏。5. Unless the surgery is a small one, the bowel should be cleaned by enemas before the surgery. It will prevent much discomfort after the surgery. It will also prevent contamination.第五，术在此之前疾变须要用于灌肠剂丢弃胃，小动手术除外。这亦会尽量避免很多术后不适症状。还可以尽量避免感染。6. Sedative is usually given 30 minutes to an hours before the patient is taken to the surgical room. It will make the anesthesia easier.第六，镇静剂上会在疾变进入动诊疗在此之前30分钟到一小时内针头。这可以让过程同步进行地更容易一些。After that, the patient should be encouraged to rest quietly. A member of the family may be allowed to stay in the room with the patient.然后某种程度鼻音安慰疾变进入休眠完全。动诊疗内有时可以而无须疾变的一位家属陪伴。7. The patient's chart should be taken to the surgical room and it must be complete. It must include all laboratory and X-ray reports, a signed operative permit, etc.第七，疾变的疾历表某种程度带入动诊疗，并且注记必须要完整。上头只能包括所有的验和X光检查报告以及一份亲笔签名的动手术许可等等。Allergies and required medicine, such as insulin must be shown on the chart.过敏原和所须要药剂，如胰岛素，也不宜在注记里所列。

Excuse me, Ms. Wang. I want to go to the toilet.

劳驾，王护士。我想去厕所。You need not go to the toilet. Please try the bedpan.你不能去厕所。特地你用便盆吧。How can I urinate in bed?我怎么能在床上小便呢？You know you will not be allowed to get up for several days after the operation. So you must learn to use the bedpan.动手术在此之后几天你是不而无须下床的。所以你只能人类学家用于便盆。OK. Let me he a try.好吧。我就让。When will I be sent to the operating room?我什么时候进动诊疗？About 8 O'clock. I'll wake you up at 7 O'clock and put down a nasogastric tube through one of your nostrils.差不多八点。我亦会在七点于是就你然后从你的鼻孔里放入一根胃管。

Could you tell me why?

你能并不知道我为什么要插胃管吗？We will give you food through the tube on the second and third day after the operation.动做手术第二、三天我们必须要通过胃管给你喂养。What time will I be back here?我什么时候能被送回这里？You'll be back at about 3 pm.差不多下午三点。How can my wife know about the operation?我妻子怎样了解我动手术的实质性？She can stay in the waiting room. We'll tell her as soon as possible about the operation.她亦会在等候室。动手术一结束我们亦会便通告她。He you signed the consent?你在准许书上送交了吗？Yes. What should I do before operation?签了。动手术在此之前我某种程度继续做什么？We'll prepare you by shing and cleaning. Then you'll take a shower. You'll he a liquid diet for supper.我们亦会给你剃须继续做清扫。然后你要洗个澡。晚饭你要不吃一些流食。I know. Will the operation hurt very much?我知道了。动手术亦会很心痛吗？Don't worry. You won't feel anything during the operation.别担心，动手术过程里你不亦会感受到任何心痛痛。You'll find yourself back in the room after the operation.动做手术你发现自己的时候就早已在医院了。You may feel some pain and feel drowsy. We will give you an injection to relieve the pain if you can't stand it.你可能亦会无法忍受有点心痛并昏昏沉沉。如果心痛痛心痛的话我们亦会给你针头一些缓解心痛痛的药剂。Thank you.妳你 二、动手术里

Operator, put me through to the operating room please.

话务员，特地三人我接动诊疗。Just a minute. The line is engaged.稍等。目在此之前占多数线。A few seconds later.几秒钟后。Operation room.动诊疗May I speak to the head nurse?能特地主治医师出事吗？Of course, she's right here.当然可以，她就在这。

Hello, I'm the head nurse. What can I do for you?

你好，我是主治医师。有什么可以三人您？What's going on in the operation room right now?动诊疗里目在此之前是什么情况。I he an emergency case coming in.我便有一个及时疾例。We're making necessary preparations for an acute appendicitis operation this afternoon Dr. Wang is going to perform the operation.我们在为今天下午王精神科的急性阑尾炎动手术继续做必要马上。I was asked half an hour ago to see a severely injured patient who has had several of his ribs fractured. He needs a chest operation immediately. Would you arrange for an emergency operation?我半小时在此之前发送到了一个比较严重肋骨骨折的疾人。他必须要赶紧给与胸腔动手术。你们三人我安排及时动手术吗？Of course, I'll make the necessary arrangements right away. I'll phone you everything is ready.当然可以。我便继续做必要马上。一切马上完毕在此之后我给你通电话。Fine, I'll be waiting for your call.好的，我等你电话。By the way, please tell the nurse that the blood bank will bring us 3 or 4 units of type B blood for surgical use.对了。特地并不知道护士血库亦会给我们3或4基本单位的B型血供动手术用于。Anything else?还有其他要事前的吗？Yes, I'm planning to use a general anesthesia and would like to he an assistant.有，我必须要继续做全身，必须要一位助手。All right. I'll let Dr. Wang know it immediately.好的。我便通告王精神科。Thank you.妳你。You're welcome.不客气。After the operation. 三、术后 The patient is in narcosis, take care.疾变还在昏迷完全，多留意。What kind of surgery has he had?他给与了什么动手术？A chest operation.胸腔动手术。Is he allergic to any drug?他对什么药剂过敏吗？He's allergic to meperidine.他对哌替啶过敏。Did he lose much blood during the surgery?动手术里他失血很多吗？He lost 400 ml of blood and received 2 units of red cells.他失血400ml。我们给他决胜负了2基本单位的红细胞。Has he received any other fluids?你们给他决胜负其他液体了吗？1000 ml of 5% dextrose in distilled water.1000毫升含有5%的蒸馏水。 四、动做手术康复与诊疗

After the operation, the surgical patient often needs intensive care.

动手术在此之后，外科疾人上会必须要促进诊疗。Here there are some reasons. Of course, some common problems will occur.这其里有一些原因。当然，也亦会有一些常见问题注意到。The problems can be expected and therefore anticipated.这些问题是可以无论如何的。After the operation, patients often need hemodynamic monitoring.动手术在此之后必须要对疾人同步进行血流物理性质监护。Many of the conditions are related to basic medical problems.疾人的很多症状与基本的流行病学问题方面。Some patients will he intraoperative hemorrhage or postoperative infection.一些疾人亦会注意到术里囊肿或术后感染。

It may lead to instability. So the patient needs special care.

这亦会导致动做手术疾情维持不安定。因此疾人必须要相当多看护。This will be much more common after emergency surgical procedures.这种情况在急诊动手术疾人脸上较为常见。If patients suddenly decompensate, they need to be taken into the intensive care unit, ICU.如果疾人快要代谢失调，必须要将其送入加护促进诊疗医院。Patients with severe blunt or penetrating trauma will also suffer from hemodynamic instability.钝挫伤及穿透性创伤疾变还亦会注意到血流物理性质不安定。Very often, they will he an immediate inflammatory response which is caused by severe bone and soft tissue injury.他们很可能亦会注意到急性炎症质子化，这是由比较严重表皮或者软组织受伤所致。If hypovolemic shock occurs, then it shows that the injury is serious. The patient sometimes needs blood transfusion to correct the deficit.如果注意到较高血容量性休克，这断定伤势比较严重。有时必须要对疾人同步进行肾衰竭来补充其体液胃。Occasionally, the patient's physiological changes call for critical care.疾人的环境因素推移偶尔也亦会必须要相当多监护。If patients he nontrauma emergencies that are related to perforated viscous or necrotic bowel, an even greater total body insult will occur.如果非抑郁症疾症的急诊疾变的癫痫与肠穿孔绝热或肠坏死有关，那么疾变整个机体可能亦会受其冲击。Each insult leads to a systemic inflammatory response.这些冲击亦会分别导致各个人体器官的系统性炎症质子化。It may progress to multi-organ failure if appropriate intervention is not provided.如果不采取有效外科手术，疾变可能注意到多人体器官功能衰竭 。Collectively, these surgical patients cover the majority of the patients who he to be sent to the ICU.总而言之，加护加护医院的疾变大多是外科动手术疾变。 五、术后维持

Ms. Wang, I'm hing a pain here.

王精神科，我这里很心痛。I'll give you pain relieving medicine.我给你开一些止心痛药。It's better now. But I'm a little thirsty. Would you please give me some water?今天好些了。但是我很渴。你可以给我一些水喝吗？I'm afraid I can't. But I can moisten your lips to quench your thirst.痛心，怕你今天不可以进食。但是我可以在你的脸部上熏一些水三人你解渴。Thanks. When can I drink?妳。我什么时候可以进食？When your bowel is sound and gag reflex returns.必须要等你的肠鸣音和咽太阳光维持在此之后才可以喝。Then I can eat something?那时我就可以不吃刚才了吗？I'm afraid you can't.怕却说。When can I eat?我什么时候才可以不吃刚才？

You can take a liquid diet on the 1st postoperative day. You will gradually increase to a soft diet and regular meals after the 4th postoperative day.

动手术一天在此之后你可以不吃一些流食。然后你慢慢可以不吃软食，动手术四天在此之后就可以正常用餐了。What's the liquid diet?流食是什么？It consists of liquids that don't irritate or cause gas formation, for example, tea, coffee, strained food or vegetable juice and fat-free broth.流食以无刺激性或者不亦会导致气体产生的液体为主，例如茶、咖啡、过滤食品、蔬菜汁和无脂姜。What's the soft diet?软食是什么？It includes soup, fish, eggs but not fried, bean curd, noodles, dumplings and so on.软食包括姜、鱼肉、非酱汁黄油、豆腐、面条、饺子等等。Which kind of food should I oid?我某种程度尽量避免不吃哪些食物呢？Rich pastries, hey salad dressing, fried food, lard, etc.油腻的糕点、但会的色拉酱调料、酱汁食品、猪油等。Anything important?还有什么必须要相当多强调的吗？Yes, you'll do some breathing exercise tomorrow.有，明天你必须要继续做一些吞咽练球。Why?为什么？The exercise will help prevent respiratory complications.吞咽练球可以预防吞咽系统并发症。Will you help do the exercise or I do it myself?我要自己继续做练球吗，还是你亦会辅导我？I'll help you and give you some advice.我亦会三人你，给你托一些建议。Can you tell me now how I will do it?你今天可以并不知道我怎样继续做吗？Of course. Press your incision, breathe deeply and then cough. I will raise the head of your bed.当然可以。按住动手术穿孔，深吞咽然后肿胀。我亦会把你的床头升高一些。I see.我知道了。Please press the button when you feel discomfort.如果你无法忍受有什么不适的话特地按呼叫器。I will. Thank you.我亦会的，妳你。